When HMB is combined with Vitamin D3, studies have shown that muscle strength and functionality improve, even for study participants who have not engaged in a regular training program. And, a study conducted over a one-year period revealed no adverse effects or side effects reported.

Animal studies have also shown that HMB is effective at enhancing muscle function. In dogs, HMB has been shown to reduce the levels of muscle damage indicators like creatine phosphokinase lactate dehydrogenase while increasing red blood cell count. In horses, HMB has been shown to increase aerobic performance indicators, improve recovery and conditioning times, and decrease muscle damage.